Iks[indian knowledge system]
Indian Knowledge System [IKS]
Name Of College : Maharani shree Nandkunverba mahila arts and commerce college
Name :jadeja Dhruviba Parikshitsinh
Year : F.Y.B.A
Sem : 1st sem
Subject : English
Paper Name : Indian knowledge system [ IKS]
Date : 22/8/2025
Professer Name : Rachna Ma'am
■Home Assignment ...
Explanation of " Rasasutra" :
● Introduction :-
1>What is Rasa ?
• Relished like the taste of food is Rasa.
• Rasa is the soul of any literature.
- " रसयते अनेन इति रसः "
• It established by bharatmuni who is the author of ' Natyashastra '.
• If no Rasa in literature then it become soulless ,[ ' नहि रसद्रिते कश्रिदअर्थ प्रवर्तते ' ].
• No meaning can be rendered in absence of Rasa.
■ " Rasasutra "
→ " विभाव, अनुभाव, व्यभिचारीभाव, समयोगद, रसनिष्पति। "
→ Vibhava, Anubhava, Vyabhicaribhava, samyogad, Rasanishpati.
→ The famous definition of Rasa in the aphoristic form is given in chapter XI of Natyashastra called ' Rasasutra ' .
→ Rasa is the accomplished as a result of the conjunction of vibhava, Anubhava and vyabhicaribhava.
● Vibhava has two types :-
1. Alambana Vibhava
2. Uddipana Vibhava
ー According to Natyashastra there are three types of Bhava given by bharatmuni are as follows :-
1. Sthayibhava (8)
2. Vyabhicaribhava (33)
3. Sattvikbhava (8)
● In detail Explanation of Rasasutra :-
Rasasutra :-
" विभाव, अनुभाव, व्यभिचारीभाव, समयोगद रसनिष्पती।
(1) What is Vibhava ?
Vibhava means causes or circumstances.
There are two types of vibhava are :-
1. Alambana :-
Alambana vibhava means a person or persons with reference to whom the emotion is manifested.
2. Uddipana :-
Uddipana vibhava means circumstances that have excited the emotions.
(2) What is Anubhava ?
ー It means bodily expressions by which the emotion is expressed .
(3) What is Vyabhicaribhava ?
ー Vyabhicaribhava means a series of diverse emotions that feed the dominant emotions .
ー Vyabhicaribhava is called as sancaribhava.
■ Detailed Explanation of Bhavas :-
ー There are three types of Bhava :-
1. Sthayibhava (8)
2. Vyabhicaribhava (33)
3. Sattvikbhava (8)
(1) What is Sthayibhava ?
ー According to bharatmuni sthayibhava are eight (8) in numbers .
ー रतिहासध्र शोकस्य क्राधात्साहा भयं तथा जुगुप्सा विस्मयध्रवृति स्थचिभावा प्रक्रीर्तताः ।।
(2) What is Vyabhicaribhava ?
ー Vyabhicaribhava are 33 in numbers from which 5 are listed below :-
1. Sanka - Doubt
2. Alaska- Laziness
3. Nindra - Sleep
4. Supta / Swapna - Dreaming
5. Marana - Death
(3) What is sattvikbhava ?
ー physical expressions of the feelings of the mind are called sattvikbhava or temperamental state .
ー sattvikbhava are eight (8) in numbers are as follows :-
• sweda
• stamba
• kampa
• Arsu
• vaivaranya
• swarbhed
• prataya
ー sattvikbhava are expressed on the stage using sattvik abhinay, body gestures are necessary for their presentation ; without it the real
purpose of performance would be lost.
Essay:-
Oral traditions:
Oral traditions are the stories, customs, beliefs, and knowledge that are passed down verbally from one generation to another. Before writing was invented, people relied on oral traditions to preserve their history, culture, and values. These traditions include folktales, myths, legends, songs, poems, and proverbs.
One important feature of oral traditions is that they are shared by speaking or singing rather than writing. This makes them alive and adaptable, as each storyteller can change the story a little to fit the audience or situation. Oral traditions help people remember important lessons, teach morals, and strengthen community bonds.
Oral traditions are also important for preserving cultural identity. Many communities around the world still use oral traditions to maintain their language, history, and rituals. Through oral storytelling, young people learn about their ancestors, traditions, and social values.
In today’s modern world, oral traditions are still valuable. They can be recorded in books, audio, or video, but their original charm lies in the live telling of stories. Oral traditions connect people to their past and keep cultural heritage alive for future generations.
